A light holiday intro gives way to a sharp, evidence‑driven conversation with Dr. Carol Swain about a problem many didn’t want to see coming: how identity politics and race‑based preferences helped create the space for a “new white nationalism.” Not the hooded caricature of the past, but an online‑networked movement animated by grievance and the perception of unequal rules. Carol walks us through the policy arc—from the promise of the 1964 Civil Rights Act to the executive‑order birth of affirmative action and the campus rise of DEI—and shows how each step shifted incentives away from equal protection and toward category‑based treatment.We dig into the university experience many listeners will recognize: admissions schemes that mix a merit tranche with racial sorting, leaving students to infer stigma and fueling distrust across groups. Carol’s remedy is both principled and practical: race‑neutral, means‑tested support that targets real disadvantage without hardening racial lines, and a broader civic reset around character, competence, and a shared American identity. Along the way, we revisit her landmark research on congressional representation—cited by the Supreme Court—demonstrating that party alignment, not the race of the officeholder, better predicts whether constituents’ interests are advanced. That insight reframes redistricting debates and exposes the trade‑offs of racial gerrymandering.The conversation also examines how the early internet supercharged like‑minded recruitment and why young men, exhausted by constant accusations, became prime targets. If institutions want unity, they must signal fairness: clear standards, consistent merit, and equal treatment under law. Carol’s throughline is simple and urgent—good methods yield good outcomes. If we want cohesion, we should reward excellence, teach history honestly, and defend universal rules that apply to everyone. Listen for data, not dogma, and leave with a roadmap to lower the temperature and rebuild trust.If this conversation challenged or clarified your thinking, share it with a friend, subscribe for part two with Dr. Swain, and leave a review to help others find the show.Support the show